Distribution, Preparedness and Management of Ukrainian Adult Refugees on Dialysis- an International Survey by the Renal Disaster Relief Task Force of the European Renal Association

Introduction: During armed conflicts dialysis patients may experience limitations or interruptions of therapy leading to severe life-threatening complications due to medical and logistical challenges. Before the Russian-Ukrainian war, there were approximately 10,000 adults requiring dialysis in Ukraine. Some patients decided to flee their place of residence and look for opportunities to continue dialysis in another location in Ukraine or abroad. To better understand the needs of conflict-affected kidney failure patients and to provide data which could support equitable and evidence-based prioritization of resources, the Renal Disaster Relief Task Force of the European Renal Association conducted a survey on distribution, preparedness and management of adults requiring dialysis displaced due to the war in Ukraine. Method(s): Cross-sectional online survey was conducted to assess the status of dialysis patients who were displaced across European countries since the beginning of the conflict in February 2022. The survey was sent to all national nephrology societies across Europe with a request to disseminate it to all dialysis centers in their countries. Data were collected between May and August 2022. Fresenius Medical Care (FMC) shared a limited set of aggregated data without direct center participation. Result(s): We received data on 602 patients (290 collected through the survey and 312 from FMC), who were dialyzed in 24 countries. Most patients were dialyzed in Poland (45.0%), followed by Slovakia (18.1%), Czech Republic (7.8%), Romania (6.3%), Germany (4.7%) and Hungary (3.5%). Most patients were originally dialyzed in Kyiv (north-central), Kharkiv (northeast), Odesa (southwest) and Zaporizhzhia (southeast). Before reaching the current reporting center, 34.6% of patients were treated in at least one other center since leaving their regular unit. Mean age was 48.1+/-13.4 years, 43.5% were females. Before patients left Ukraine, 95.7% had been on hemodialysis (HD), 2.5% on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (PD) and 1.8% on automated PD. HD session frequency was reduced under war conditions in 23.5% of patients. Eighty-eight percent of HD patients had a patent arteriovenous fistula, 7.3% were HBs antigen positive, 16.1% had anti-HCV antibodies, 0.6% anti-HIV antibodies and 27.3% anti-HBc antibodies. In terms of patient preparedness for displacement, 63.9% carried medical records with them, 63.3% had a list of medications, 60.4% had medications themselves and 44.0% had a dialysis prescription. Overall, 26.1% of patients were admitted to the dialysis unit in the possession of all these factors while 16.1% presented with none. After leaving Ukraine, 33.9% of patients were hospitalized. Of the 88.5% of patients tested in the reporting center for COVID-19 1.9% was positive. Communication and language problems were reported by 43.8% of responding physicians. Conclusion(s): Up to the end of August 2022, less than 10% of Ukrainian dialysis patients decided to flee their country since the start of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict and the majority of them chose as their place for dialysis a country neighboring Ukraine. Preparedness for displacement varied and was incomplete in most patients. Results from our survey may inform evidence-based policies and interventions to prepare for and respond to special needs of vulnerable kidney failure populations during armed conflicts and other emergencies. No conflict of interestCopyright © 2023

Clinical case of COVID-19 course in a child with aplastic anemia.

The problem of the non-smooth course of COVID-19 and deaths in children with severe comorbid pathology is urgent. Among all registered cases of a new coronavirus infection in the Russian Federation, children account for up to 8,6%, of which severe forms are noted, as a rule, in patients with concomitant diseases. A clinical observation of the course of a new coronavirus infection in a child with a severe form of idiopathic aplastic anemia complicated by pancytopenia is presented. COVID-19 infection caused a sharp deterioration in the child's condition. Despite the use of modern methods of therapy, there was a rapid deterioration of clinical and laboratory parameters: an increase in febrility, respiratory failure, interstitial changes in the lungs, a decrease in oxygen saturation to 70%, hemorrhagic, anemic syndromes and multiple organ failure with the development of a fatal outcome. Aplastic anemia is a factor predisposing to the severe course of COVID-19 and contributing to an unfavorable outcome.Copyright © 2022 Interregional public organization Association of infectious disease specialists of Saint-Petersburg and Leningrad region (IPO AIDSSPbR). All rights reserved.

Clinical case of COVID-19 course in a child with aplastic anemia.

The problem of the non-smooth course of COVID-19 and deaths in children with severe comorbid pathology is urgent. Among all registered cases of a new coronavirus infection in the Russian Federation, children account for up to 8,6%, of which severe forms are noted, as a rule, in patients with concomitant diseases. A clinical observation of the course of a new coronavirus infection in a child with a severe form of idiopathic aplastic anemia complicated by pancytopenia is presented. COVID-19 infection caused a sharp deterioration in the child's condition. Despite the use of modern methods of therapy, there was a rapid deterioration of clinical and laboratory parameters: an increase in febrility, respiratory failure, interstitial changes in the lungs, a decrease in oxygen saturation to 70%, hemorrhagic, anemic syndromes and multiple organ failure with the development of a fatal outcome. Aplastic anemia is a factor predisposing to the severe course of COVID-19 and contributing to an unfavorable outcome.Copyright © 2022 Interregional public organization Association of infectious disease specialists of Saint-Petersburg and Leningrad region (IPO AIDSSPbR). All rights reserved.

Toward supply chain viability theory: from lessons learned through COVID-19 pandemic to viable ecosystems

The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered new research areas in supply chain resilience. One of these new areas is viability. Viability extends the resilience understanding from performance-based assessment of firm's responses to disruptions towards survivability of both supply chains and associated ecosystems not only during some short-term disruptions but also under conditions of long-term crises. To explore the state-of-the-art knowledge on methods, models, capabilities, and technologies of supply chain viability, we edited this important IJPR special issue. To introduce the special issue, we review the existing literature on supply chain viability, conceptualise seven major pillars of supply chain viability theory (i.e. viable supply chain design, viability in process planning and control, ripple effect, intertwined and reconfigurable supply networks, ecosystems, digital supply chain, and Industry 5.0), and establish some associated future research directions. The findings of this editorial paper, as well as the articles in the special issue, can be used by researchers and practitioners alike to consolidate recent advances and practices of viability in supply chain networks and lay the solid foundation for further developments in this area. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Post-pandemic adaptation and development of supply chain viability theory

The design and management of an efficient, resilient, and viable supply chain (SC) capable of operations and demand fulfillment continuity despite severe disruptions is imperative for the survivability of firms and for providing society with essential goods and services in long-term crises. This Special Issue focuses on SC adaptation and viability as novel decision-making settings for operations research and management science (OR/MS) emerged in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, which goes beyond short-term, singular event-driven disruptions. Papers in the Special Issue present new and original OR/MS research to support decision-making related to long-term SC crises with inherent uncertainty about the present and future. Since SC viability theory is relatively new, this Special Issue contributes to advancing our knowledge and application fields for designing and managing SCs as viable systems. We present fundamentals of SC viability theory, review and summarize papers in the Special Issue, and project some future research directions. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

The Adversarial Principle in Criminal Proceedings in the Digital Format under the Sanitary and Epidemiologic Regulations (Covid-19)

This article focuses on the issues in the implementation of digital technologies under the adversarial principle during pre-trial proceedings under the sanitary and epidemiologic restrictions imposed due to the COVID-19. We highlight the active use of digital technology during the trial stage and its detailed legal regulation stipulated in the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, as compared with the pre-trial proceedings. We suggest possible solutions through the implementation of digital technology in pre-trial proceedings as in the trial stage. We discuss the advantages of the electronic format of criminal case files that will be beneficial for the realization of the adversarial principle in the pre-trial proceedings.

Emotional reactions and hardiness among Russian students during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic provoked emotional reactions in Russian student populations. Hardiness is seen as a personality predisposition that increases individuals' resilience to stress. Objective(s): The study aimed to determine the severity of depression, anxiety, stress, and various components of hardiness in Russian students. In addition, the correlations between emotional reactions and hardiness components were also analysed. Method(s): Data collectionwas carried out between 29May and 06 July 2020.Atotal of 129medical and non-medical students participated in the study. TheDASS-21was used tomeasure depression, anxiety, and stress levels, while the Personal Views Survey-III examined hardiness. Both questionnaires were adapted for use in Russia. Result(s): We found that medical students were less likely to be depressed than non-medical students (M = 4.03 and M = 6.01 respectively, p < 0.05). Medical students had higher levels of the component of hardiness such as commitment (M = 20.95 and M = 18.43 respectively, p < 0.05). In both groups, all hardiness components have negative relationshipswith depression, anxiety, and stress, but inthemedical group control is associated onlywith depression (rx =-0.446, p < 0.01), whereas the other group also has associationswith anxiety (rx = -0.356, p < 0.01) and stress (rx = -0.407, p < 0.01). Conclusion(s): Hardiness was negatively related to depression, anxiety, and stress in a pandemic setting. Medical students were more adaptable to the pandemic than non-medical students.

Meaningful orientations and asthenia in pregnant women and young mothers during the first COVID-19 pandemic wave

Introduction: Pregnancy and childcare are naturally stressful for women, often accompanied by the asthenic syndrome. In a pandemic situation, this type of stress may be potentiated by external conditions. Objective(s): The study aimed to investigate the life-state orientations and asthenia levels of pregnant women and young mothers in the context of a pandemic. We also analyzed the correlations between the life-state orientations and the different types of asthenias. Method(s): Data collection was carried out in June 2020 using a Google form that we developed. Pregnant women and young mothers with children under seven years of age participated in the study with 47 respondents. We used the Purpose-in-Life Test to investigate the meaningful orientations and the MFI-20 to determine the level of asthenia. Both questionnaires were adapted for use in Russia. Result(s): We found that the mean overall MFI-20 score (M = 58.0+/-5.9) exceeded the mean values in our sample, indicating the presence of the asthenic syndrome. Physical asthenia (M = 12.9+/-1.4) and decreased activity (M = 12.0+/-1.7) were the strongest, with the lowest score on the general asthenia scale (M = 10.6+/-1.8). Correlation analysis showed that all components of meaningful orientations had multiple positive correlations with different types of asthenias, and the overall asthenia score was 100 % related to life meaningfulness (p < 0.01). Conclusion(s): Pregnant women and young mothers are at risk for asthenia in the COVID-19 pandemic. This is obviously due to many responsibilities of mothers raising children.

Dynamics of emotional reactions among Russian students during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction: The pandemic of a new coronavirus infection can be considered as a long-term traumatic event. It is known that chronic stress is characterized by dynamics of emotional state caused by processes of adaptation and maladaptation. Objective(s): Our study aimed to investigate the dynamics of depression, anxiety, and stress levels among Russian students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method(s): Data were collected from May to July 2020 (the first pandemic wave) and from October 2020 to April 2021 (the second wave). A total of 170 non-medical university students participated in the study. We used the DASS-21 to determine levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Result(s): We found that during the first wave of the pandemic, 57 % of students showed no symptoms of depression, 77 % had no symptoms of anxiety, and 76 % showed no signs of stress. In the second wave, 50 % of students showed no depression, 65 % no anxiety and 67%no stress. Analysis of mean values showed that the second pandemic wave provoked higher levels of anxiety (M = 3.32+/-4.25 vs M = 4.71+/-4.71, p < 0.05) and stress (M = 6.50+/-4.50 vs M = 7.99+/-4.97, p < 0.05) . Conclusion(s): The second wave of the new coronavirus pandemic provoked more severe emotional reactions among Russian students than the first. By these results we suggest that the duration of the pandemic harms the emotional state of the general population. Therefore, it is essential to develop and implement psychotherapeutic programs to restore the mental health of Russian citizens.

Russian medical students in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: emotional reactions and baseline beliefs

Introduction: During the pandemic of new coronavirus infection, some medical students were actively recruited to work with infected patients, which could provoke depression, anxiety, and stress. The concept of baseline beliefs predicts characteristics of individuals' experience of trauma. Objective(s): The study aimed to determine depression, anxiety, and stress levels in medical students and examine their baseline beliefs, as well as the relationship between baseline beliefs and emotional reactions. Method(s): Data were collected in the spring and summer of 2020 using a Google form that we developed. Thirty-seven medical students participated in the study. The WAS-37 questionnaire was used to examine baseline beliefs and the DASS-21 to measure depression, anxiety, and stress. Both questionnaires were adapted for use in Russia. Result(s): We found that 78 % of the respondents had no depression, 86 % had no manifestations of anxiety, and 83 % felt stressfree. The mean values on the "Benevolence in the World" scale (M = 32.3+/-8.0) were within the average normative values, those on the "Justice" scale (M= 19.8+/-5.0) were below them, and those on the "Self-Image" scale (M = 29.6+/-5.9), "Luck" (M = 32.5+/-6.9) and "Controlling Beliefs" (M = 27.3+/-4.1) were above the average normative values. We found only one statistically significant relationship between emotional reactions and baseline beliefs, a negative correlation between depression and luck (rx = -0.360, p < 0.05). Conclusion(s): In pandemic medical students, beliefs about one's luck were associated with lower levels of depression.

Baseline beliefs, depression, anxiety, and stress in humanities students in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic can be seen as mental trauma. The concept of baseline beliefs helps to explain the extent to which mental trauma affects individuals. Objective(s): The study aimed to investigate baseline beliefs in humanities students in Russian universities and analyse the relationship between baseline beliefs and emotional reactions. Method(s): Data collection was carried out between May and July 2020 using a Google form that we developed. A total of 92 humanities students participated in the study. The WAS-37 was used to examine baseline beliefs, and the DASS-21 was used to determine depression, anxiety, and stress levels. Result(s): We found that the mean values of the scales "Benevolence in the World" (M = 34.8+/-6.5), "Self-image" (M = 27.2+/-4.4), "Luck" (M = 32.7+/-5.7) and "Controlling beliefs" (M = 27.9+/-4.0) were above the normative mean values for the Russian population and only the values of the scale "Justice" (M=20.8+/-3.8) were below these. All components of baseline beliefs had negative associations with depression, anxiety, and stress;only "Benevolence in the World" was associated exclusively with anxiety (rs = -0.223, p < 0.05), and "Justice" with depression (rs = -0.223, p < 0.05). Conclusion(s): In a pandemic, the world around them is perceived by humanities students as less fair. Trust in the world, beliefs about the fairness of the world and a positive self-image are correlated with a more favourable emotional state. By this, we support the view that individuals' implicit beliefs (baseline beliefs) are related to the severity of the traumatic event.

Clinical case of long-term persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in infant with congenital acute myeloid leukemia

According to the available data, children are less susceptible for developing a severe course of COVID-19 and commonly have mild or asymptomatic course of infection. It is reported about an increased risk of having more severe course in infants, at the same time, according to the literature data, the course in children receiving antineoplastic and immunosuppressive therapy is milder in comparison with other concomitant pathologies. This article presents the unique clinical case and the literature review of combined COVID-19-pneumonia and extremely rare congenital myeloid leukemia in the infant with the description of long-term infection persistence, changes in clinical data in dynamics, bone marrow test results and the experience of using donor plasma with antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. © 2022, Graphica Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Interaction between Dual Sourcing and Blockchain Adoption under Yield Uncertainty

An unprecedented global crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed multiple challenges for operation management. One of them is yield uncertainty. In this paper, we examine the effect of the dual sourcing strategy and blockchain adoption on the performance of supply chain members in the presence of yield uncertainty. We develop a stylish model in which a decentralized supply chain consists of a downstream firm and the supplier and a centralized supply chain are competing. The downstream firm faced with yield uncertainty decides whether to procure from the competitor and decided whether to adopt blockchain to enhance the information quality about yield rate. Our results show that the dual sourcing strategy is a dominant strategy and the decision-maker benefits from the blockchain adoption if the volatility level of the yield rate is low. Copyright (C) 2022 The Authors.

Building Viable Digital Business Ecosystems with Collaborative Supply Chain Platform SupplyOn

Digital supply chains evolve toward business ecosystems that are becoming ever more complex and in which companies and supply chains collaborate in an increasingly networked manner. The viability consideration at the level of ecosystems can be supported by associated digital collaborative supply chain platforms. The COVID-19 pandemic times have clearly shown that the viability and ecosystem views are crucial when coping with and recovering from large-scale, massive crises. This chapter focuses on the current challenges of digital supply chains in the manufacturing industry and how they can be addressed. To this end, a concrete use case is highlighted at the Chinese premium car manufacturer Seres, where the Supplier Collaboration Portal SupplyOn with its integrated solutions has made a significant contribution to building ecosystem viability. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Impact of Additive Manufacturing on Supply Chain Resilience During COVID-19 Pandemic

The use of Additive Manufacturing (AM) has become more widespread in recent years, covering different sectors. The increased interest in AM is due to the main benefits associated with its use, such as the possibility to produce even complex parts on demand and on the service site. These benefits have recently made researchers and practitioners hypothesize that AM can guarantee supply chain (SC) resilience, hence triggering their interest in AM as an emergency solution for SC disruptions. With the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, this hypothesis has been confirmed to be true. In fact, AM has been shown to be very effective in guaranteeing the restoration and reconstruction of the SC, especially in the production of medical equipment (e.g., face masks, valves for respirators, etc.). However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the impact of AM on SC resilience has never been quantified before. Similarly, the potentialities of AM to guarantee the resilience of an SC outside of the medical sector have been barely treated (and never in a quantitative way). In this work, we aim to fill these two gaps. To do so, starting from the global supply chain of a company selling lighting equipment (available in the literature), we evaluated the potential of adopting AM as an emergency solution in guaranteeing SC resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, we considered 15 different scenarios where we considered the pandemic outbreak to be limited to the country of production as well as spread worldwide. From the results, the benefits of adopting AM, in terms of revenue, profit, service Level and lead time, were evident. Moreover, from the specific case considered we were also able to draw some general conclusions and suggest to SC managers when the use of AM would be beneficial. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

COVID-19 I IN THE SETTING OF ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKAEMIA (CASE ANALYSIS, RESULTING IN DEATH)

A new coronaviral infection in the Russian Federation is registered less in a child treatment than in an adult one. Children’s COVID-19 is mainly asymptomatic or in mild, severe form occurs rarely. The percentage of paediatric-age patients that require in-patient medical care is from 5,7% to 20% of children with COVID-19. However, clinical observations show that children’s COVID-19 may be severe and extremely severe, also resulting in death. A risk group of unsmooth course of the new coronaviral infection is patients with serious comorbide pathology, in particular oncohematological disease, passing radiation, chemotherapy, transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, the most frequent paediatric-age oncological disease, may be one of the factors, predisposing to severe course of the new coronaviral infection. However, COVID-19 is likely to cause the deterioration of leukaemia treatment and an adverse outcome. The article presents a clinical observation of a 12-year-old child with a critical form of the new coronaviral infection and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in the post-transplantation period. The accumulation of COVID-19 was accompanied by deterioration in the underlying disease. Despite high-quality medical care, using modern technologies, the child had progressive deterioration with a poor outcome © 2022, HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders.All Rights Reserved.

Assessment of newborn health dynamics after the Russian Federation transition to international criteria for live births and stillbirths

To assess the state of children’s health in obstetric care organizations after Russia transition to international statistics on live births and stillbirths, we studied the main indicators of newborn health in the dynamics from 2013 to 2020. It was found that between 2013 and 2020 the morbidity of newborns decreased by 6.3% (from 337.2‰ to 316.3‰;p<0.05), neonatal mortality by 45.7% (from 3.5‰ to 1.9‰;p<0.05), stillbirth rate by 45.6% (from 10.9‰ to 5.5‰;p<0.05), and hospital mortality of newborns born sick and ill by 40.0% (from 1.0% to 0.6%;p<0.05). Assessment of the distribution of live-born infants by birth weight showed that changes in this parameter of physical development during the period under study had no statistically significant differences (p>0.05). The assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on newborn health revealed slight shifts in the distribution of children born alive by birth weight and a 6.8% increase in the stillbirth rate compared to the pre-pandemic level. Thus, in the period from 2013 to 2020 the share of children discharged from obstetric hospitals who were healthy has increased due to the reduction in morbidity and mortality of newborns. The analysis showed that there was an improvement in the health indicators of newborns in the Russian Federation.

MODERN APPLICATIONS OF OZONE FOR COVID-19 DISINFECTION AND TREATMENT

Coronavirus disease 2019 represents a serious challenge for modern society worldwide because of the considerable and unfavourable consequences of the pandemic in terms of human health, economics and social life. In the present concise survey, some essential peculiarities of ozone as disinfecting and therapeutic means under the conditions of COVID-19 pandemic as reflected in the recent literature are described. Particularttention is paid to modern hospital disinfection means and methods. Ozone exerts antiviral activity through the inhibition of viral replication and direct inactivation of viruses by interfering with the virus replication phase and attacking capsid proteins. Ozone therapy is very inexpensive and may safely exploit the critical vulnerability in COVID-19.

EFFECT OF COVID-19 ON KIDNEY FUNCTION IN PEOPLE WITH GRADE 1-2 HYPERTENSION AND CKD

BACKGROUND. The presence and drug correction of arterial hypertension (AH) with inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), as well as chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its role in the regulation of RAS, can significantly affect the condition of a person with COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: to study the features of the functional state of the kidneys in patients with grade 1-2 hypertension who have fallen ill with COVID-19. PATIENTS AND METHODS. A subanalysis of patients with CKD, participants in the BIRCOV study (ARB, ACEi, DRi in COVID-19) is presented: 112 outpatient patients with grade 1-2 hypertension, 83 of whom had CKD. The participants were divided into groups receiving ACE inhibitors (group 1 - 39 %), ARBs (group 2 - 32 %), or a direct renin inhibitor (PIR) (group 3 - 29 %) as the main therapy of hypertension. The value of blood pressure, eGFR, albuminuria level were analyzed at the debut of COVID-19 and at 2, 4, 12, 24 weeks from the onset of the disease. RESULTS. In the first two weeks of COVID-19, there was a decrease in blood pressure with a gradual return to baseline values in patients of group 1 and group 3 (to a lesser extent). The use of ACE inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension increased the risk of withdrawal compared to PIR and ARBs due to COVID-19. In patients with CKD, higher values of mean blood pressure were obtained with similar dynamics. A synchronous decrease in eGFR and systolic blood pressure has been documented, more pronounced in patients with CKD, especially when taking aCEI. The decrease in eGFR correlated with the stage of CKD. With stable renal function in patients with CKD during the first 12 weeks of COVID-19, the urine albumin/creatinine ratio (UAC) increased without further normalization. By the second week of the disease, eGFR decreased with a reciprocal increase in the level of uric acid in the blood. The use of dexamethasone was accompanied by a decrease in eGFR in CKD stages 3b-4. CONCLUSION. When taking ACE inhibitors, the effect of lowering blood pressure was comparable to a double block of RAS: ACE inhibitors + ARBs. © 2022 Educational Autonomous Non-Profit Organization Nephrology. All right reserved.